The uniqueness of the Hungarian Language
Have you ever had any chance to listen Hungarians talking to each other?hungarian language
If yes, what was your first thought? Was it strange, funny or did it sound like alien speech coming from Mars?
I'm always very curious to hear what others are thinking about the Hungarian language. Please let me share one short story with you, about what I have experienced in Germany - when I was around 17 years old -, how foreigners see our language.
I was learning in a High school, which was specialized on German language and my school had a very good relation with a German High school. Every year we hosted German students and also one group from our school were entertained by them as well. One spring I had spent two weeks with my group in Germany. One day we were visiting Hamburg and after a long one-day walking we sat down in the harbor close to a kiosk to take some rest. Of course we were talking and joking with each other and laughing a lot. What else does a group of 17 years old students do :)? Once I noticed that a lady - who was working in the kiosk-, is curiously listening us and she come closer to us little by little. After 10 minutes listening she was so nosy that she finally came to us and asked me:
"What is this funny language? I like very much how you are talking; it is so funny, that I have to laugh
"
I told to her, this is Hungarian language. She was very surprised, because she had never thought that Hungarian sounds like this. So, that was the first impression when I started to be interested in what other people think about the Hungarian language. Are you also interested in Hungarian language?
I have collected here some facts about this nice, but very difficult language. Later you will also find some useful words and phrases which you can use if you decide to visit Hungary.
Some facts about the Hungarian language
Even for foreign visitors who are skilled at languages, Hungarian usually remains a sealed book. Learning Hungarian is different from learning most other European languages. There are no similarities, no opportunities for comparison, and no short cuts to understanding this language. The reason is that Hungarian has nothing whatsoever to do with the great Indo-European family of languages: it belongs to the Finno-Ugric group. Its only relatives within Europe are Finnish and Estonian and its only other relatives are certain languages and dialects in Siberia and Central Asia.
Hungarian is an agglutinative language, i.e. grammatical forms are made by adding suffixes to the root syllable. How to pronounce the Hungarian language?
Stress is always on the first syllable of any word.
The accent (') does not mark the stress but indicates a long vowel (and occasionally changes its pronunciation). In all syllables the vowels are sounded clearly and fully.
In the Hungarian language the difference between "stressed" and "unstressed" syllables is slight. Two vowels together (ai, ei, eu, etc.) are always pronounced separately.
Pronounced a á b
c
cs
d
dz
dzs
e
é
f
g
gy
h
i
j
k
l
ly
m
n
ng
nk
ny
o
ó
ö
õ
p
r
s
sz
t
u
ú
ü
û
v
z
zs
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hungarian language
short, deep o
long a
short, voiced
short, unvoiced ts
short, unvoiced ch
short, voiced
voiced ds
voiced j
open e, higher than
long, drawn-out
short, unvoiced
short, voiced
voiced fricative
as in English
long
as English
unaspirated
as in English
short voiced fricative short, voiced
short, voiced
sounded separately,
not run together
short voiced fricative
short, open
long, closed
short, open
longer than ö
unaspirated rolled r, as in Scottish
short unvoiced sh
short unvoiced s
unaspirated
short, as in
long
short
longer than ü
short, voiced
short, voiced
short, voiced j
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As in
on
larder
boy
Ritz
change
down
Godzilla
jungle
pet
crayon
coffee
go
adieu
hot
feel
yes
cat
hungarian language
Goya
am
an
mankind not: tanker
vineyard
top
corner
turn
hungarian language
stop
hungarian language
fresh
sun
batter
put
coop
mule
hungarian language
veto
doze
pleasure
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Useful Words & Phrases
English-speaking visitors should have few difficulties being understood in Budapest. In the past German was more widely understood elsewhere, but today most of the youngsters can speak English. So if you need help, I recommend asking young people on the street. Most probably they can help you, as obligatory to learn English in the school.
But it might be a good idea to learn a few phrases of Hungarian.
good morning - jó reggelt
hello, good day - jó napot
hello (fam.) - szia, szervusz
good evening - jó estét
good night - jó éjszakát
goodbye - viszontlátásra
goodbye (fam.) - viszlát
how are you? - hogy van?
how are you? (fam.) - hogy vagy? good, well - jó, jól
sorry - elnézést
my name is... - a nevem ....
I speak... - beszélek...
...English - angolul ...German - németül
...French - franciául
...doesn't work - nem mûködik help - segitség
big - nagy
small - kicsi
Enquiries
what time is it? - hány óra van? where is...? - hol van...?
when? - mikor?
where to? - hová
how much/many? - hány?/mennyi?
here - itt
there - ott
I don't understand - nem értem
how do I get to...? - merre kell menni...?
right - jobb
to the right - jobbra left - bal
to the left - balra ahead - elõre
back - hátra
straight - egyenesen
pardon me/excuse me - bocsánat
yes - igen
no - nem
please - kérem
thank you - köszönöm
of course - persze
Numbers
one - egy
two - kettõ
three - három
four - négy
five - öt
six - hat
seven - hét
eight - nyolc
nine - kilenc
ten - tíz
eleven - tizenegy
twenty - húsz
twenty-one - huszonegy
thirty - harminc
forty - negyven
fifty - ötven
sixty - hatvan
seventy - hetven
eighty - nyolcvan
ninety - kilencven
one hundred - száz
two hundred - kétszáz
five hundred - ötszáz
one thousand - ezer
Time/Days of the Week
today - ma
now - most
yesterday - tegnap tomorrow - holnap
later - késõbb
Monday - hétfõ
Tuesday - kedd
Wednesday - szerda
Thursday - csutortok
Friday - péntek
Saturday - szombat
Sunday - vasárnap
Out Shopping
open - nyitva
closed - zárva
entrance - bejárat
exit - kijárat
how much is that? - mennyibe kerül? please show me... - kérem, mutassa, meg...
expensive - drága
In the Restaurant
menu - étlap
waiter - pincér
restaurant - étterem
inn - vendéglõ
coffee house - kávézó traditional inn - csárda
vpastry shop - cukrászda
cellar - pince
food - étel
drink - ital
breakfast - reggeli
lunch - ebéd
supper - vacsora
appetizers - elõételek
freshly prepared - frissensültek specialities - ajánlatok
main dishes - fõtelek
side dishes - köretek
desserts - tészták
warm - meleg
cold - hideg
hot - forró
Ice - jég
red - piros/vörös
white - fehér
large - nagy
small - kis
I would like - kérek szépen
the bill, please - kérem a számlát enjoy your meal - jó étvágyat
to your health - egészségedre
to our health - egészségünkre
I am vegetarian/vegan - vegetariánus/vegan vagyok (vegetarians consult budaveg.com)
is there meat in it? - van benne hús?
without meat - hús-mentes
Food and Drink
apple - alma
apricot - barack
beer - sör
coffee - kávé
espresso - dupla
fish - hal
fruit - gyümölcs
Ice cream - jégkrém/fagylalt/fagyi
juice - lé
mineral water - ásvány víz orange - narancs
peach - õszibarack
salads - saláták
soup - leves(ek)
vegetable - zöldség
water - víz
wine - bor
Accommodation
hotel - szálloda
castle hotel - kastélysálló guesthouse - vendégház
room - szoba
single - egyágyas
double - kétágyas
extra bed - pótágy
garage - garázs
parking lot - parkoló
bathroom - fûrdõszoba
shower - zuhany
closet - szekrény
Getting Around
airport - repülõtér
aeroplane - repülõgép
main train station - pályaudvar (abbr.: pu.)
small train station - vasutállomás
station (in general) - Állomás
train - vonat
arrival - érkezés
departure - indulás
track - vágány
boat - hajó
ferry - komp
pier - rév
roadworks - útépítés
petrol station - benzinkút car - kocsi
bus - busz
tram - villamos
baths - fürdõ
thermal bath - thermálfürdõ medicinal bath - gyógyfürdõ
house - ház
hill - hegy
bridge - hid
gate - kapu
castle - kastély
fortress - vár
palace - palota
ring road - körút
park: small wood - liget monument - mûemlék
embankment (quay) - rakpart island - sziget
theatre - szinház
church - templom
city - város
villag -e falu
square - tér
street/avenue - út
street - útja (genitive form) street/lane - utca (u.)
town - város
washroom - mosdó
toilet - vécé/mosdó/toalett ladies - nõi
gents - férfi
Emergencies
police - rendõrség doctor - orvos
dentist - fogorvos
ambulance - mentõautó
I hope you find this small article about Hungarian language and the Hungarian words and phrases useful.
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